FORM V ~ BIOLOGY ~ SCHEME OF WORK (2013 – 2014)
Textbooks: Biology for IGCSEby Gareth Williams and GCSE Biologyby D G Mackean. PRACTICALS
Differences between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Main methods of asexual reproduction: binary fission, budding, spore formation and vegetative reproduction (including specific examples). Cloning and tissue culturing.
Sexual rep in humans: structure and function of the male and female reproductive organs.
Menstrual cycle, copulation, fertilisation, nutrition and protection of the embryo, birth and parental care. Menstrual cycle, gametogenesis and 2o sexual characteristics. FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Methods of birth control.
Sexual reproduction in flowering plants. Structure of an insect-pollinated flower.
Differences between insect- and wind-pollinated flowers.
Pollination, fertilization, seed and fruit formation and dispersal, seed structure.
Conditions necessary for germination; chemical and physical changes during germination.
Soil: components. Different types of soil: sandy, clay and loam soils.
Reducing soil erosion: contour ploughing, strip cropping, terracing of fields.
a) the components of fertile soil b) water, humus and air content c) drainage of various soil types.
Response to stimuli in plants; positive phototropism of stems, geotropism of roots and stems.
Experiments and controls to demonstrate these tropisms.
The spinal cord and associated spinal nerves. The reflex arc including the types of neurones involved.
The central nervous system. Structure and function of the cerebral hemispheres (incl position of the sight centres), the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. Functioning of the motor, sensory and association areas in the brain.
Positions of the main endocrine glands: pituitary, pancreas, adrenals, ovaries and testes.
Feedback control in relation to blood-glucose level or female reproductive hormones. “Insulin, glucagon, adrenaline”.
The DNA molecule. Chromosomes, genes, alleles.
The role of DNA in protein synthesis: the sequence of bases on the DNA strand determine the type of protein produced. Only a basic knowledge of nucleic acids and the structure of DNA is required. Mitosis (exact duplication of genetic material) and meiosis (halving of chromosome number by separation and independent assortment of chromosomes of each pair). The sites where each occur in flowering plants and humans. Diploid and haploid nuclei. Fusion of gametes.
Monohybrid cross, dominant and recessive alleles.
Codominance. Phenotypes and genotypes, homozygous and heterozygous genotypes.
The recessive back cross. Sex determination in humans and sex-linked characteristics. Variation: inherited and non-inherited; continuous and discontinuous. Mutations and mutagens.
Principles and uses of genetic engineering. The use of enzymes to cut and join gene DNA and vector DNA to form recombinant DNA; the use of plasmids and viruses as vectors to insert recombinant DNA into cells. Production of human insulin by genetically engineered bacteria. Fish farming and animal husbandry.
Conversion Technique - By Jack Carpenter I have never used anything other than Colchicine circulate air around the treated crowns are in my opinion (DMSO has sometimes been used) to effect conversion. The use of DMSO did not seem to cause greater amounts of conversions. I am simply not familiar with the CRITICAL importance as crown rot may occur. Always several other things I have heard
Insights on Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome, by Dr Olin Balch … this is a subject that I extensively investigated in the last year and wrote about with Truman Prevatt for the EN. Frankly, in the process of co-writing that article, I learned a great deal. I learned even more when I asked internal medicine specialists Gary Magdesian, Todd Holbrook, Hal Schott, Trisha Dowling, and others to review t