Paediatric Canadian Access Targets for Surgery (P-CATS)
*Wait 1 is defined as the time from referral to a specialist to the initial specialist consultation.
**Wait 2 is defined as the time between the date on which a decision is made to proceed with surgery and the surgery date.
P-CATS Prioirty Classification TablePriority Classification
Canadian Paediatric Surgical Wait Times (CPSWT) Project
Prosthetic valve/conduit failure - Chronic
Transposition(L) - Corrected(AVD) - Acute
Transposition(L) - Corrected(AVD) - Chronic
Dental Caries - moderate risk medical status
Advanced Dental Caries: visible carious lesions and/or pain - low
risk medical status Advanced Dental Caries: visible carious lesions and/or pain -
moderate risk medical status Advanced Dental Caries: visible carious lesions and/or pain -
Pericoronitis (impacted molar) - low risk medical status
Pericoronitis (impacted molar) - moderate risk medical status
Pericoronitis (impacted molar) - high risk medical status
Infection (hard and/or soft tissue) - low risk medical status
Infection (hard and/or soft tissue) - moderate risk medical
Infection (hard and/or soft tissue) - high risk medical status
Dental Abscess/Pulp Necrosis - low risk medical status
Dental Abscess/Pulp Necrosis - moderate risk medical status
Dental Abscess/Pulp Necrosis - high risk medical status
Osteomyelitis - moderate risk medical status
Examination Under Anaesthesia - Comorbidity and/or discomfort
Examination Under Anaesthesia - Unable to examine
Suspected Benign Lesions (hard and/or soft tissue)
Suspected Malignant Lesions (hard and/or soft tissue)
Ankyloglossia - with breastfeeding issues
Neck mass - No suspicion of cancer (including Thyroglossal,
Neck mass inflammatory - Chronic (atypical mycobacterial)
Cystic mass (lymphangioma) with obstruction
Cystic mass (lymphangioma) without obstruction
Diaphragmatic Abnormalties - Symptomatic
Diaphragmatic Abnormalties - Asymptomatic
Other abdominal wall hernias (Epigastric, Incisional, Ventral
Inguinal hernia: Incarcerated, Non-Reducible
Inguinal hernia: < 1 year non-incarcerated
Inguinal hernia: > 1 year non-incarcerated
Gallbladder disease - symptomatic: Chronic
Disease potentially requiring splenectomy
Disease potentially requiring urgent splenectomy (eg ITP with
Pancreatic Disease (no malignant potential)
Upper GI Bleed, Perforation, Gastric volvulus - Acute
Anorectal malformations without obstruction
History of perforated appendicitis managed nonoperatively
Acute scrotum - Testicular torsion & Infection
Vascular/Lymphatic Malformation - Symptomatic
Vascular/Lymphatic Malformation - Asymptomatic
Need for venous access devices - Non Urgent
Removal of hardware/venous acces devices/PEG - Urgent
Removal of hardware/venous acces devices/PEG - Non Urgent
D&C for Incomplete Abortion: Hemodynamically Stable
D&C for Missed Abortion: Hemodynamically Stable
Surgical treatment for ectopic pregnancies
Non-Obstructive or Asymptomatic Obstructive Anomalies
Longitudinal Vaginal Septums, Hymenal anomalies
Laparoscopy for acute pelvic pain (non torsion)
Insertion of IUD (for menstrual suppression), Non Urgent
EUA, Cystoscopy, Vaginoscopy - Other: non-infectious, non
Examination under anesthesia (EUA) or Vaginoscopy for vaginal
D&C for Menorrhagia: Heavy bleeding, unresponsive to
medicaltherapy and hemodynamically unstable
Spinal Cord Tumour: With neurological deficit
Spinal Cord Tumour: Without neurological deficit
Brain StructuresDevelopmental Malformations:
Chiari Malformation Type 2 - Symptomatic Major
Brain StructuresDevelopmental Malformations:
Chiari Malformation Type 2 - Symptomatic Minor
Brain StructuresDevelopmental Malformations:
Brain StructuresDevelopmental Malformations:
Craniosynostosis: Non-syndromic: < 6 months
CraniofacialDevelopmental Malformations:
Craniosynostosis: Non-syndromic: > 6 months
CraniofacialDevelopmental Malformations:
CraniofacialDevelopmental Malformations:
CraniofacialDevelopmental Malformations:
Congenital Anomaly of the Spine - new or progressive
Congenital Anomaly of the Spine - without neurological
Tethered Spinal Cord - new or progressive deficit
Tethered Spinal Cord - asymptomatic/neurologically stable
Arteriovenous malformations: Ruptured Stable
Arteriovenous malformations: Ruptured Unstable
Arteriovenous malformations: Stable (present with seizures)
Baclofen pump failure/Baclofen withdrawal
Amblyogenic Lid and Orbital Lesions < 2 years
Amblyogenic Lid and Orbital Lesions > 2 years
Lid malposition without corneal involvement
Retinopathy of prematurity: Any Stage - Zone 1
Retinopathy of prematurity: Stage 2 or 3 - Zone 2 with plus
Retinopathy of prematurity: Stage IV & V
New Strabismus (with or without diplopia) - Acute
Fascial Space Infection - high risk medical status
Fascial Space Infection - moderate risk medical status
Fascial Space Infection - low risk medical status
Infected jaw pathosis - high risk medical status
Infected jaw pathosis - moderate risk medical status
Infected jaw pathosis - low risk medical status
Osteomyelitis - moderate risk medical status
Residual Oro-Nasal Fistula: Vestibular or Palatal
Cleft septorhinoplasty, Cleft lip/nose revisionary surgery
Speech Delay - Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Ankyloglossia - with breastfeeding issues
Skeletal-Facial Deformities Requiring Orthognathic Procedures:
Maxilla/Mandible/Genioplasty/Coronoidectomy
Skeletal-Facial Deformities Requiring Orthognathic Procedures:
Airway issues: Treacher Collins, Micrognathia
Vascular anomalies with functional issues
Vascular anomalies without functional issues
Advanced Dental Caries: visible carious lesions and/or pain -
Advanced Dental Caries: visible carious lesions and/or pain -
Advanced Dental Caries: visible carious lesions and/or pain - low
Supernumerary tooth - with or without associated pathosis
Examination Under Anaesthesia - Unable to examine
Suspected Benign Lesions (hard and/or soft tissue)
Suspected Malignant Lesions (hard and/or soft tissue)
Osteoradionecrosis Maxilla & Mandible
Hypertrophied Turbinates Causing Nasal Obstruction
Benign Lesions (nostril, oral, lip, facial, tongue, ear etc.)
Malignant Lesions (nostril, oral, lip, facial, tongue, ear etc.)
Post Ablative Defect: Maxilla and Mandible
Erb’s Palsy (specific to orthopaedic surgery)
Developmental Dysplasia of hip - < 18 months
Developmental Dysplasia of hip - 18 months - 3 years
Developmental Dysplasia of hip - > 3 years
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - Stable
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - Unstable
Congenital anomalies of the spine - Stable (unlikely to progress)
Congenital anomalies of the spine - Unstable (likely to progress)
Other elective spinal disorder - neurologically stable
Other elective spinal disorder - neurologic compromise (urgent)
Other elective spinal disorder - neurologic compromise (non-
Spinal Injuries affecting the spinal cord - Progressive
Spinal Injuries not affecting the spinal cord - Not progressive
Spondylolisthesis - Stable (unlikely to progress)
Spondylolisthesis - Unstable (likely to progress)
Minor variants of normal orthopaedic development (flexible flat feet, in-toeing, out-toeing, bow legs in children < 3yrs of age,
knock knees in children <10yrs of age, lordosis, minor scoliosis curves - less than 20 degree curve)
Malignant/Aggressive (after new adjuvant therapy)
Neuromuscular disease - diagnostic biopsy
Wound care - delayed primary or secondary closure
Patellar Subluxation - (recurrent/chronic)
Fibular Hemimelia, Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency, Tibial
Charcot Marie Tooth Syndrome, Mitochondiopathy,
Laryngeal stenosis with significant airway issues
Laryngeal stenosis without significant airway issues
Papilloma of larynx: with acute airway obstruction
Papilloma of larynx: without significant airway obstruction
Removal of tonsils and/or adenoids: For obstructive symptoms
Removal of tonsils and/or adenoids: If severe OSA
Removal of tonsils and/or adenoids: With recurrent infection
Retropharyngeal & parapharyngeal abscess
Laryngoscopy/Bronchoscopy for diagnosis or surveillance
without significant airway obstructionLaryngoscopy/Bronchoscopy for diagnosis or surveillance with
Lymphatic malformation: without compromise
Mycobacterial infection: if skin compromised
Neck mass - No suspicion of cancer (including Thyroglossal,
Speech Delay - Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media/Chronic Mastoiditis with or
SNHL Requiring Cochlear Implant after meningitis
Myringotomy & tubes for recurrent Otitis Media
Myringotomy & tube for Otitis Media with effusion
Rehabilitation of conductive hearing loss (BAHA)
Hypertrophied Turbinates Causing Nasal Obstruction
Benign Lesions (nostril, oral, lip, facial, tongue, ear etc.)
Secondary reconstruction: Functional concerns
Secondary reconstruction: Social concerns
Cleft septorhinoplasty, Cleft lip/nose revisionary surgery
Speech Delay - Velopharyngeal insufficiency
Other Congenital Hands & Upper Extremity - Complex
All other Congenital Hands & Upper Extremity
Airway issues: Treacher Collins, Micrognathia
Vascular anomalies with functional issues
Vascular anomalies without functional issues
Wound care - primary and/or delayed closure
Acute Scrotum - Testicular Torsion and Infection
Cryptorchidism: Bilateral & non-palpable in newborn
Cryptorchidism: Bilateral & palpable in newborn
Inguinal Hernia: < 1 year of age non-incarcerated
Inguinal Hernia: > 1 year of age non-incarcerated
Inguinal hernia: Both age groups, incarcerated non-reducible
UPJ /UVJ obstruction/Ectopic Ureter: Asymptomatic
UPJ /UVJ obstruction/Ectopic Ureter: Symptomatic
Ureterocoele: Septic (if no response to antibiotics after 48 h)
Ureterocoele: Septic (if response to antibiotics after 48 h)
Renal / ureteric stones: Obstructed (uncontrolled pain)
Renal / ureteric stones: Obstructed (controlled pain)
EULAR evidence-based recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome S F Carville, S Arendt-Nielsen, H Bliddal, F Blotman, J C Branco, D Buskila, J AP Da Silva, B Danneskiold-Samsøe, F Dincer, C Henriksson, K G Henriksson, E Kosek, K Longley, G M McCarthy, S Perrot, M Puszczewicz, P Sarzi-Puttini, ASilman, M Späth and E H Choy 2008;67;536-541; originally published online 20
LUCOZADE SPORT SCIENCE: CAFFEINE USE IN SPORT Caffeine can improve performance in both short and long term endurance events as well as short term high intensity intermittent exercise. Caffeine can improve many of the cognitive (mental processing) attributes important to sport such as alertness, concentration, reaction time and focus. The mechanism(s) behind the performance be